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They may be called “APV” by Arctic Cat, “RAVE” by Ski-Doo or “VES” by Polaris. If you own a 2-stroke snowmobile made in the last 15 years, the engine is likely equipped with “variable exhaust power valves”. If that is the case, you probably recognise that you have to be rather diligent in regards to their cleanliness and operation. This is one engine element that has to be monitored steadily to maintain peak performance. Variable exhaust power valves are moving widgets located at the engine’s exhaust port. Every brand’s variation is there to provide the same necessary service and that is to vary the height and width of the exhaust port according to engine RPM. This vastly broadens the power band. At low RPM, the valves are in a closed position which promotes more finish combustion. This improves low-end torque and minimizes unburned gases in the exhaust stream. At high RPM, the valves are wide open which allows for optimal exhaust flow. This enables the engine to rev freely and manufacture greatest or most complete or best possible top end horsepower. Older schemes were actuated by a mechanical linkage which opened and closed the valves based on engine RPM. Modern systems are actuated by electronic servo motors which precisely position the valves allround the RPM range. Before the advent of the power valve, engine builders had to determine one size and shape of the exhaust port and exhaust pipe. This predetermined whether the engine would provide it is optimal power deliverance at either the high, mid or low RPM range. The power valve allows the two-cycle engine to provide usable horsepower all around it is operating RPM range. The progressed power valve system has evolved from a number of dissimilar variations over the last 30 years. Yamaha was the basi company to find success with this conception when they integrated a variable exhaust power valve system in their 2-stroke Grand Prix road-racing motorcycles in the late 1970′s. The engineering science then made it is way to Yamaha’s production road and motocross bikes the early 1980′s. Other motorcycle makers soon came up with their own systems. By the early 1990′s, almost all high-performance two-cycle motorcycles, ATV’s, personal water-crafts and snowmobiles were equipped with variable exhaust power valve systems. Keeping the power valve system clean is of paramount importance. As power valves are located directly in the stream of the exhaust flow, carbon deposits may pile up on the valves over time. The deposit build-up may alter the shape of the valves and alter the engine’s exhaust flow characteristics. In uttermost cases, the exhaust port may become altogether clogged and costly harm may occur. Deposits may also may hinder the valve motion or leave them stuck in one spot. Any of these scenarios will drasti impair the power deliverance and output of your engine. The task of sustaining your snowmobile’s power valve scheme is not complicated. Your service or owner’s manual will give specific instructions on how to remove and clean the system. Be careful when cleaning the valves, as you do not want to scratch or roughen the surfaces. Your manual will likewise offer a specific service interval and it will have to be followed religiously. Once your valves are clean, there are ways to prevent untimely valve depositing. First and foremost is to make sure that your machine is tuned correctly. Overly rich carburetor jetting is a major contributor to this malady. Rich jetting will concede too much fuel into the combustion chamber and this promotes carbon formation. If your sled is fuel injected, make sure that the system is operating correctly. Also make sure that your oil injection scheme is delivering the proper amount of oil. Perform regular spark plug readings as described in your manual. If your plug readings are off and you cannot determine the cause, contact your dealer. Another major contributor to power valve depositing is the use of poor quality 2-cycle oil. The for less base stocks and additives used in lower grade oils may be cooked into carbon deposits very quickly. High quality synthetic two-cycle oil is illfamed for it is clean burning characteristics and will dramatically lower the rate of deposit formation. Good quality synthetic oils use sophisticated base stocks and high temperature additives which are engineered to refrain from power valve depositing. They likewise have an effective detergent/dispersant package which will grant for much cleaner operation. When it comes to two-stroke injector oil, you unquestionably get what you recompense for. Spending a little more on an oil that is specifically engineered to provide clean power valve operation will not only improve your engine’s performance, it will save the headaches and expense that come with untimely power valve depositing. Snowmobiles operated at low speed and steady RPM over extended periods may likewise publicize deposit build up. During this type of operation, the valves maintain a stationary position and this allows deposits to form. If the valves are perpetually altering positions, there is less chance of deposits forming and increasing in size. Variable exhaust power valves have revolutionized the capablenesses of 2-cycle engines. With a little bit of maintenance and care, they will offer trouble-free performance.
12 of 12 people found the following review helpful. This book is NOT that. This book documents the effort involved in creating Windows CE, and why choices were made over others. It does talk about some details of the OS, but brushes over them.
In summary, this is a good book to teach you who wrote what part of Windows CE, and how it was done, and why things were done the way they were. This is NOT the book to order to learn how to program in Windows CE or find out the details of porting Windows CE to a new hardware platform or any of these technical details.
As of the time of this writing I haven’t seen a book that details the build process. The only option at this point is to purchase the Microsoft Platform Builder for Windows CE 2.11. 19 of 22 people found the following review helpful. 6 of 7 people found the following review helpful. |
Good historical content, poor technical content
Don’t expect too much from this book